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Linda J. Weyandt CRNA, Nursing Entrepreneur, Texas:"Providing medical legal research in multiple specialties." Specialty Areas: Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA), Critical Care, Med-Legal Research and Consulting, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Psychotherapy 7009 Almeda Rd. Suite #311 Houston Texas E-Mail: drljw@earthlink.net Contact person(s): Dr. Linda J. Weyandt CRNA Phone number: 713-741-7080 Fax number: 209-254-5706 http://www.nursingexperts.com/weyandt/ Category: Nursing Entrepreneurs, Nurse-Owned Businesses, http://www.nursingentrepreneurs.com **************************************************** What Are Bronchodilators? American Thoracic Society:"Bronchodilators are medications that relax the bronchial muscles. Relaxing these muscles makes the airways larger, allowing air to pass through the lungs easier. This helps people with COPD breathe better. Many different kinds of bronchodilators are available. They can be grouped according to how long they work (called short- and long-acting drugs) or the way in which they widen or dilate the airways (beta-agonists, anticholinergics or theophyllines). While all bronchodilators widen the airways, they work in different ways to do so. It is therefore possible to combine bronchodilators in order to achieve maximal benefit. Many people with COPD experience constant breathing difficulty. Bronchodilators therefore need to be taken regularly to keep breathing under control, this is called maintenance medication. Conversely, reliever medications are used for temporary breathless." American Thoracic Society 61 Broadway · New York, NY 10006-2755 Voice: 212-315-8600 · Fax: 212-315-6498 http://www.thoracic.org/clinical/copd-guidelines/for-patients/what-kind-of-medications-are-there-for-copd/what-are-bronchodilators.php Category: Bronchodilators, Respiratory Drugs, Medications ****************************************************** What are Bronchodilators? Purdue Pharma:"Bronchodilators are drugs used in treatment of COPD (chronic obstructive airway disease) and reversible obstructive airway diseases such as asthma. Purdue Pharma currently has two bronchodilator products: Uniphyl and PhylloContin. Once-daily Uniphyl tablets are a sustained release formulation of theophylline used to treat symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Theophylline eases the cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and troubled breathing associated with these conditions by relaxing and opening the bronchial tubes allowing increased amounts of air to flow into the lungs. PhylloContin tablets contain aminophylline, which is used to treat symptoms of asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It relaxes and opens air passages in the lungs, making it easier to breathe." Purdue Pharma 575 Granite Court Pickering, ON Canada L1W 3W8 Tel: 905-420-6400 1-800-387-5349 General information: info@purdue.ca http://www.purdue.ca/products/products_asthma.asp Category: Bronchodilators, Respiratory Drugs, Medications ****************************************************** What are the characteristics associated with an adjustment disorder? Athealth.com:"A person with adjustment disorder often experiences feelings of depression or anxiety or combined depression and anxiety. As a result, that person may act out behaviorally against the "rules and regulations" of family, work, or society. In some people, an adjustment disorder may manifest itself in such behaviors as skipping school, unexpected fighting, recklessness, or legal problems. Other people, however, instead of acting out, may tend to withdraw socially and isolate themselves during their adjustment problems. Still others may not experience behavioral disturbances, but will begin to suffer from physical illness. If someone is already suffering from a medical illness, that condition may worsen during the time of the adjustment disorder. People in the midst of adjustment disorders often do poorly in school or at work. Very commonly they begin to have more difficulty in their close, personal relationships." athealth.com 14241 NE Woodinville-Duvall Road, #104 Woodinville, WA 98072-8564 Phone: 360.668.3808 Toll free: 1.888.284.3258 Fax: 360.668.2216 E-mail: support@athealth.com http://www.athealth.com/Consumer/disorders/Adjustment.html Category: Adjustment Disorder, Symptoms, Symptomatology Database **************************************************** What are the major kinds of eating disorders? Eating Disorders, APA Help Center:"There are three major types of eating disorders. People with anorexia nervosa have a distorted body image that causes them to see themselves as overweight even when they're dangerously thin. Individuals with bulimia nervosa eat excessive quantities of food, then purge their bodies of the food and calories they fear by using laxatives, enemas, or diuretics, vomiting and/or exercising. Like people with bulimia, those with binge eating disorder experience frequent episodes of out-of-control eating. The difference is that binge eaters don't purge their bodies of excess calories". American Psychological Association 750 First Street, NE Washington, DC 20002-4242 Phone: (800) 374-2721 http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/eating.aspx Category: Eating Disorders, Direct (Bedside Nursing) Patient Care, http://www.nursefriendly.com/eating/ ****************************************************** What are the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and PLMD (Periodic Limb Movement Disorder)? Southern California RLS Support Group:"What are the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and PLMD (Periodic Limb Movement Disorder) ? This is a chronic condition which occurs in 5-12% of the population. RLS has probably a disease for thousands of years, but it was only first described in the English literature in 1672 by the physician, Sir Thomas Willis. Oppenheim, in 1923, described the disease as a neurological disorder. Dr. Ekbom, a Swedish neurologist, described the condition more fully in1944. The next year, in 1945, he named the disease, Restless Legs Syndrome. Dr. Symonds, in 1953, used the term, Nocturnal Myoclonus - to - describe the leg jerks that occur at night." http://www.rlshelp.org/ Category: Restless Legs Syndrome RLS, Diseases, Conditions Medical Disorders, Neurological **************************************************** What are the symptoms? Rectal Bleeding, University of Michigan Health System:"Rectal bleeding is bright red blood on a bowel movement, on toilet tissue after wiping, or in the toilet water. You may or may not have some pain with passing the bowel movement. If you have external hemorrhoids, you may have pain when you sit. If you have diverticula, you may have no symptoms or you may have bouts of abdominal pain. Sometimes you may have bouts of pain with fever for a day or two if the diverticula are inflamed or infected. When colon cancer is the cause of bright red bleeding, it may be your only symptom or you may have other symptoms. These other symptoms may include diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, weight loss, loss of appetite, and tiredness. Colon cancer is not a common cause of rectal bleeding. It is more common for colon cancer to cause blood to be in the bowel movement but not be visible. Special tests of the bowel movement are necessary to show that blood is present." University of Michigan Health System 1500 E. Medical Center Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48109 734-936-4000 http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/aha/aha_rectalbl_crs.htm Category: Rectal Bleeding, Hematochezia, Symptoms, Directory, Health, Medical http://www.legalnursingconsultant.org/rb ****************************************************** What are the symptoms of RLS? National Women's Health Information Center:"RLS symptoms are not the same for every person. They range from uncomfortable to painful and can vary in frequency. A person can have periods when RLS does not cause problems, but the symptoms usually return. Another person can have severe symptoms every day. Common symptoms of RLS include: Unpleasant or uncomfortable feelings or sensations in the legs often described as creeping, crawling, tingling, pulling or painful, often producing an irresistible urge to move the legs. These feelings most often occur deep inside the leg, between the knee and ankle. While rare, they can also occur in the feet, thighs, arms, and hands. Most of these feelings involve both sides of the body, although they can happen on just one side of the body." National Women's Health Information Center (800) 994-9662 http://www.4woman.gov/faq/rls.htm Category: Restless Legs Syndrome RLS, Diseases, Conditions Medical Disorders, Neurological **************************************************** What are your thoughts on individual malpractice insurance? Dear Donna, Nursing Spectrum: :"Congratulations on your new profession and your new job! It is advisable for all nurses working in clinical practice to have their own malpractice insurance. Although an employer technically covers you in some cases, it is not the safety net that some nurses think it is. If, for example, something were to happen and the hospital could prove that you did not follow facility policy and procedures, then they may not be obligated or inclined to cover you. This is just one possible scenario." http://news.nurse.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2002209040301 Category: Nursing Professional Malpractice & Liability Insurance, Insurance **************************************************** What can we do about illegible physician handwriting? HCPro, Inc.:"As part of our ongoing record review, we are monitoring legibility of handwritten entries in medical records. What would be the appropriate process to follow when addressing legibility of a physician's handwriting? I would like to have some options for corrective action when I approach the medical staff with this issue." http://www.hcpro.com/CCP-31725-862/What-can-we-do-about-illegible-physician-handwriting-Do-we-have-to-give-our-privacy-notice-to-all-of-our-existing-patients-Payperview-article-The-inside-scoop-How-the-OIGs-pharma-guidance-affects-providers.html Illegible Handwriting, Physician's Penmanship, Direct Patient Care, http://www.nursefriendly.com/illegible ****************************************************** What causes eating disorders? General Information. Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc. (ANRED):"There are many theories, many interwoven factors, and no one simple answer that covers person with an eating disorder. For any particular individual, some or all of the following factors will combine to produce starving, stuffing, and purging. Biological factors Psychological factors Family Factors Social Factors Cultural Pressure Media Factors". Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc. (ANRED) 603 Stewart St Seattle, Washington 98101 Phone: (800) 931-2237 http://www.anred.com/causes.html Category: Eating Disorders, Direct (Bedside Nursing) Patient Care, http://www.nursefriendly.com/eating/ ****************************************************** What causes Pulmonary Embolus? Canadian Lung Association:"Pulmonary emboli are caused by clots from the venous circulation, from the right side of the heart, from tumors that have invaded the circulatory system, or from other sources such as amniotic fluid, air, fat, bone marrow, and foreign substances. Most are caused from clots originating in the lower extremities called deep vein thrombosis(DVT), and many resolve on their own. A pulmonary embolism affects as many as 5 out of 10,000 people in the U.S. each year, and sudden death can occur as a result of pulmonary embolism. The risk factors include prolonged bed rest or inactivity, oral contraceptive use, surgery, child birth, cancer, stroke, heart attack, heart surgery, and fractures of the hips or femur." The Lung Association 3 Raymond Street, Suite 300 Ottawa, ON K1R 1A3 Canada Phone: 613-569-6411 Fax: 613-569-8860 Webmaster: webmaster@lung.ca http://www.lung.ca/diseases/pulmonary_embolus.html Category: Pulmonary Emboli, PE, Embolus, Embolisms, Post Operative Complications, http://www.4nursing.com/pe ****************************************************** What could cause rectal bleeding during pregnancy? Rectal bleeding during pregnancy, Babycenter.com:"Rectal bleeding is typically caused by hemorrhoids — varicose veins in and around the rectum. Hemorrhoids are relatively common during pregnancy, particularly in the last trimester and in the weeks after giving birth. If you strain during a bowel movement, pass hard stools, or rub when you wipe, these swollen veins may bleed. Anal fissures are another cause of rectal bleeding. These painful cracks in the skin of the anus may be caused by passing hard stools as a result of constipation, which is common during pregnancy." 163 Freelon Street San Francisco, CA 94107 http://www.babycenter.com/0_rectal-bleeding-during-pregnancy_260.bc Category: Rectal Bleeding, Hematochezia, Symptoms, Directory, Health, Medical http://www.legalnursingconsultant.org/rb ****************************************************** What do nurse-midwives do? allnursingschools.com:"Nurse-midwives are very involved in labor and delivery, sometimes never leaving the mother during the entire labor process. They are trained to recognize signs and symptoms that deviate from normal conditions and will consult with a physician who may become involved in the delivery if needed. Although qualified to administer drugs and to perform medical procedures, those interventions are not routine for nurse-midwives, and they are used only when the mother requests them. Most nurse-midwives deliver babies in hospitals and in homes. They also provide both prenatal and postpartum care for both mothers and newborns. In addition, nurse-midwives provide family planning and birth control counseling, and normal gynecological services such as: physical and breast exams, pap smears, and preventive health screening. In most states, nurse-midwives may prescribe medications." All Star Directories, Inc. 936 N. 34th Street 3rd Floor Seattle, WA 98103 http://www.allnursingschools.com/faqs/cnm.php Category: Certified Nurse Midwives, CNM, Advanced Practice Nurses, Midwifery: http://www.4nursing.com/cnm **************************************************** What do you do on Night Shift? Nursingvoices.com:"Its the quiet time on the ward. Many nurses do many things during this time, so apart from the odd vital observation how do you spend the time? Do you bring a book and read, spend the whole night charting and finishing the paperwork (includes checking vitals), nip off for a quick sleep, walk around checking on everyone (just to stay awake), ward work (restocking, cleaning, etc), or do does the mayhem just not stop." http://www.nursingvoices.com/poll-week/740-what-do-you-do-night-shift.html See Also: Burnout (Nursing), Careers In Nursing, Nursing Jobs,Shift Work, Working Nights, Nightshift ****************************************************** What I Do At Work from Laura Robusto, BSN, RN:"Part 1. A Day in the Life of a Bedside Nurse - The Start of the Shift. I receive many questions about what it is like to be a nurse. I'd like to describe my day for you so that you can see for yourself what the duties of a typical bedside nurse are. I work on a floor that takes care of patients who have had cardiac surgery, typically coronary artery bypass grafts or valve repairs/replacements. These patients usually are one to two days post-op, and have been transferred up to us from the cardiac intensive care unit, where they went after their surgery. If all goes well, they will stay on our floor until they are discharged to home. All of our patients are on cardiac monitoring, called telemetry, so that we can see their heart rhythm at all times. Typical shifts for a nurse are "days", 7:00 am to 3:30 PM, "evenings", 3:00 PM to 11:30 PM, "nights", 11:00 PM to 7:30 AM, twelve hour day shifts, 7:00 AM to 7:30 PM, or twelve hour night shifts, 7:00 PM to 7:30 AM. http://www.jimfred.com/nursing/related_articles/what_i_do_at_work.html This Link is located on our A Typical Nurses Day On The Floors section http://www.nursefriendly.com/typical/ **************************************************** What is a Cosmetic Surgery Nurse by Hetty Proudhonne:"A plastic surgery nurse is a registered nurse who has had more experience in the surgical field. There are requirements to become a surgical nurse, just like any other specialty field. They are responsible for taking care of patients who have cosmetic surgery procedures done." http://www.nursefriendly.com/cosmetic Categories: Career Alternatives, Medical Esthetics, Specialty Nursing ****************************************************** What Is A Father? Inspirational Poems, Touching Stories:"A father is a person who is forced to endure childbirth without an anesthetic. He growls when he feels good and laughs very loud when he is scared half-to-death. A father never feels entirely worthy of the worship in a child's eyes. He is never quite the hero his daughter thinks . . . Never quite the man his son believes him to be. And this worries him sometimes. (So he works too hard to try to smooth the rough places in the road of those of his own who will follow him.)" http://www.inspirationalnursing.com/father This Link is located on our Inspirational Poems, Touching Stories, http://www.inspirationalnursing.com ****************************************************** What Is A Girl? Inspirational Poems, Touching Stories:"She's a bundle of sweetness and brightness and fun The beauty of springtime, the warmth of the sun." http://www.inspirationalnursing.com/what This Link is located on our Inspirational Poems, Touching Stories, http://www.inspirationalnursing.com ****************************************************** What is a Midwife? - WomensHealthChannel:"A midwife attends childbirth, provides support during labor and delivery, and supervises the general care of women and children directly after birth. The term midwife, meaning "with a woman," was first recorded in 1300. However, accounts dating to the second century confirm the role of midwives in the birthing process. Contemporary midwives provide care to women during normal pregnancies and deliveries and call on obstetricians or other physicians if complications develop. Midwifery is a professionally regulated field." http://www.womenshealthchannel.com/midwife.shtml Category: Certified Nurse Midwives, CNM, Advanced Practice Nurses, Midwifery: http://www.4nursing.com/cnm **************************************************** What is Restless Legs Syndrome? National Sleep Foundation:"Sleep disturbances are common with RLS and are a major effect. The sleep disturbances can range from mild to severe, but sleep problems are often the reason that people suffering from RLS seek a doctor's help. If leg twitching or jerking is also present, a related disorder called periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) may be the cause. With PLMS, the leg movements may be severe enough to awaken you. In RLS, PLMS-like symptoms can sometimes occur during wakefulness, as well as in sleep." NSF Main Phone Number: (202) 347-3471 nsf@sleepfoundation.org http://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleeplibrary/index.php?secid=&id=66 Category: Restless Legs Syndrome RLS, Diseases, Conditions Medical Disorders, Neurological **************************************************** What is sex or gender discrimination? workplacefairness.org:"Sex or gender discrimination is treating individuals differently in their employment specifically because an individual is a woman or a man. If you have been rejected for employment, fired, or otherwise harmed in employment because of your sex or gender, then you may have suffered sex or gender discrimination. In everyday language as well as in the law, the terms "gender" and "sex" are used inter-changeably, but the two terms have different meanings. Social scientists use the term "sex" to refer to a person's biological or anatomical identity as male or female, while reserving the term "gender" for the collection of characteristics that are culturally associated with maleness or femaleness. Discrimination is generally illegal regardless of whether it is based on sex, or gender, or both sex and gender." Workplace Fairness 44 Montgomery Street, Suite 2080 San Francisco, CA 94104 Phone: (415) 362-7373 Fax: (415) 677-9445 info@workplacefairness.org http://www.workplacefairness.org/index.php?page=sexgender&agree=yes Category: Gender Discrimination, Male Nurse Bias In Nursing **************************************************** What is Stroke? NINDS Stroke Information Page:"A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the part of the brain is suddenly interrupted (ischemic) or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, spilling blood into the spaces surrounding the brain cells (hemorrhagic). The symptoms of stroke are easy to spot: sudden numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body; sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding speech; sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes; sudden trouble walking; dizziness; or loss of balance or coordination. Brain cells die when they no longer receive oxygen and nutrients from the blood or when they are damaged by sudden bleeding into or around the brain. These damaged cells can linger in a compromised state for several hours. With timely treatment, these cells can be saved. Stroke is diagnosed through several techniques: a short neurological examination, blood tests, CT scans, MRI scans, Doppler ultrasound, and arteriography. Stroke seems to run in some families. Family members may have a genetic tendency for stroke or share a lifestyle that contributes to stroke. The most important risk factors for stroke are hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and cigarette smoking. Other risks include heavy alcohol consumption, high blood cholesterol levels, illicit drug use, and genetic or congenital conditions. Some risk factors for stroke apply only to women. Primary among these are pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause." The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health P.O. Box 5801 Bethesda, MD 20824 Voice: (800) 352-9424 or (301) 496-5751 TTY (for people using adaptive equipment): (301) 468-5981 braininfo@ninds.nih.gov http://stroke.nih.gov/ Category: Stroke, Ministroke, Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVAs), Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs), http://www.nursefriendly.com/stroke ****************************************************** What is the prognosis? Restless legs syndrome (RLS), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS):"RLS is a life-long condition for which there is no cure. Symptoms may gradually worsen with age. Because symptoms are intensified by inactivity and lying down, RLS patients often have difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. Left untreated, RLS causes exhaustion and fatigue, which can affect occupational performance, social activities, and family life." Office of Communications and Public Liaison National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892 http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/restless_legs/restless_legs.htm Category: Restless Legs Syndrome RLS, Diseases, Conditions Medical Disorders, Neurological **************************************************** What is the purpose of endotracheal intubation? Endotracheal Intubation, medicinenet.com:"The endotracheal tube serves as an open passage through the upper airway. The purpose of endotracheal intubation is to permit air to pass freely to and from the lungs in order to ventilate the lungs. Endotracheal tubes can be connected to ventilator machines to provide artificial respiration." MedicineNet, Inc. 903 Calle Amanecer, Suite 300 San Clemente, CA 92673 Telephone: 949.940.6500 Fax: 949.940.1094 http://www.medicinenet.com/endotracheal_intubation/article.htm Category: Intubation, Endotracheal Tubes (ET) **************************************************** Welcome to NursingA2Z.com. This website is owned, operated by Andrew & Melanie Lopez (RNs). It is our intent for this Alphabetical, A to Z index to be a comprehensive listing (In Progress) of Nursing-related resources on the Internet. It is indexed by Google and fully searchable. We'd ask that if you don't find what you are looking for, kindly contact us! If you are looking for a certain topic, it's likely you are not the only one. We will be adding to this index daily, be sure check back frequently. 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