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Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, Direct Patient Care
Streptococcus

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These Streptococci Kill White Blood Cells, Cells Alive:"Although a neutrophil can kill this bead-like string of Streptococcus pyogenes, this particular strain of bacteria expresses streptolysin-s on its surface which kills the white cell through necrosis, a death in which the cell swells and eventually bursts. The white cell's lytic granules (lysosomes), which are supposed to fire their antibacterial contents onto the surface of the bacteria, are emptied into the white cell's cytoplasm instead, adding to the necrotic death. The granule contents also leak out of the cell through the damaged cell membrane releasing inflammatory products. Necrosis is very different from the more controlled cell death called apoptosis."
http://www.cellsalive.com/strep.htm

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Group A Streptococcal (GAS) Disease (strep throat, necrotizing fasciitis, impetigo), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:"What is group A streptococcus(GAS)? How are group A streptococci spread? What kind of illnesses are caused by group A streptococcal infection? How common is invasive group A streptococcal disease? Why does invasive group A streptococcal disease occur? Who is most at risk for getting invasive group A streptococcal disease? What are the early signs and symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome? How is invasive group A streptococcal disease treated? What can be done to help prevent group A streptococcal infections?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, U.S.A.
Public Inquiries: (404) 498-1515 / (800) 311-3435
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/groupastreptococcal_g.htm

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Streptococcus: chains of nearly spherical bacteria. Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology:"The genus Streptococcus is comprised of a wide variety of both pathogenic and commensal gram-positive bacteria which are found to inhabit a wide range of hosts, including humans, horses, pigs and cows. Within the host, streptococci are often found to colonize the mucosal surfaces of the mouth, nares and pharynx. However, in certain circumstances, they may also inhabit the skin, heart or muscle tissue Pathogenic streptococci of man include S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, and S. faecalis. Among the pathogenic hemolytic streptococci, S. pyogenes, or group A streptococci, has been implicated as the etiologic agent of acute pharyngitis ("strep throat"), impetigo, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, glomerulonephritis, and invasive fasciitis."
Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology
The Rockefeller University
New York, New York 10021
http://www.rockefeller.edu/vaf/strep.htm

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Group A Streptococcal Infections, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID):"General Information, Overview Research Complications Related Links. Some Types of Group A Streptococcal Infections Cellulitis and Erysipelas Impetigo Scarlet Fever Severe Step Infections Strep Throat."
NIAID Office of Communications and Government Relations
6610 Rockledge Drive, MSC 6612
Bethesda, MD 20892-6612
United States of America
Toll-Free: 866-284-4107
Local: 301-496-5717
TDD: 800-877-8339 (for hearing impaired)
Fax 301-402-3573
Media Inquiries Phone: 301-402-1663 E-mail: niaidnews@niaid.nih.gov Fax: 301-402-0120
http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/healthscience/healthtopics/streptococcal/default.htm

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Surviving Strep - Strategies for LIFE...
Celebrating LIFE & preparing for the future Surviving Strep - Strategies for LIFE wishes to thank Mount Sinai Hospital for their assistance in creating the information contained in the LIFE Guide and...
http://search.hipinfo.info/details.asp?RSN=14073

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Streptococcus pyogenes, Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology:"Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) is a Gram-positive, nonmotile, nonsporeforming coccus that occurs in chains or in pairs of cells. Individual cells are round-to-ovoid cocci, 0.6-1.0 micrometer in diameter (Figure 1). Streptococci divide in one plane and thus occur in pairs or (especially in liquid media or clinical material) in chains of varying lengths. The metabolism of S. pyogenes is fermentative; the organism is a catalase-negative aerotolerant anaerobe (facultative anaerobe), and requires enriched medium containing blood in order to grow. Group A streptococci typically have a capsule composed of hyaluronic acid and exhibit beta (clear) hemolysis on blood agar."
Kenneth Todar University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Bacteriology:
http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/streptococcus.html

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See also:

Group A Streptococcus Facts:"Group A streptococcus, or group A strep, is a bacterium commonly found in the throat and on the skin. Group A strep bacteria can cause a range of infections, from relatively mild sore throats and skin infections to life-threatening invasive disease. Group A strep bacteria are spread by direct person-to-person contact. Group A strep infections can usually be treated with antibiotics. Two types of very serious group A strep infections are necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. To prevent group A strep infections: 1) wash hands thoroughly and often, 2) get a throat culture for a sore throat with fever, and 3) keep wounds clean and seek medical care for infected wounds with fever."
http://www.dhpe.org/infect/strepa.html

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Streptococcus pyogenes, other Streptococci, and Enterococcus, Maria Jevitz Patterson:"Clinical Manifestations Acute Streptococcus pyogenes infections may take the form of pharyngitis, scarlet fever (rash), impetigo, cellulitis, or erysipelas. Invasive infections can result in necrotizing fasciitis, myositis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Patients may also develop immune-mediated sequelae such as acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. S agalactiae may cause meningitis, neonatal sepsis, and pneumonia in neonates; adults may experience vaginitis, puerperal fever, urinary tract infection, skin infection, and endocarditis. Viridans streptococci can cause endocarditis, and Enterococcus is associated with urinary tract and biliary tract infections. Anaerobic streptococci participate in mixed infections of the abdomen, pelvis, brain, and lungs."
http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/ch013.htm

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This page was created on Saturday, April 14, 2001

Last updated by Andrew Lopez, RN on Monday, November 22, 2010


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