See also: Burns Nursing, Commercial Vendors, Complications, Problems, Troubleshooting, Enteral Tube Feedings, Feeding Pumps with Pictures, Photos and Illustrations, Feeding Formulas, Indications and Guidelines, Nutrition, Surgical Placement

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Pleuropulmonary complications of enteral tube feedings. Two reports, review of the literature, and recommendations. National Library of Medicine (Pubmed):"Enteral tube feeding is an attractive alternative to intravenous alimentation for nutritional support. As previously used nasogastric tubes have been replaced with narrow-bore nasogastric tubes, the spectrum of complications seen with these devices has changed. We report a previously undescribed event associated with narrow-bore nasogastric tube feeding, review the literature, noting predisposing factors and complications, and suggest guidelines to avoid pitfalls of insertion and the ensuing adverse effects. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3926393&dopt=Abstract

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Complications, Novartis Medical Nutrition:"Novartis Medical Nutrition is one of several key businesses found within the Consumer Health Division of Novartis. Our other businesses within Consumer Health are Over-the-Counter Medicines (OTC), Infant and Baby Business (best known for its Gerber brand - the leading infant and baby food brand in North America), CIBA Vision, Animal Health and Generics. We at Novartis Medical Nutrition are dedicated to maintaining and improving the health and well being of consumers and patients - at home or in health care delivery settings - by fulfilling their nutritional needs. In partnership with health care professionals, we offer the highest quality medical nutrition products and services that improve health and quality of life."
Novartis Medical Nutrition
Consumer & Product Support
445 State Street Fremont, MI 49412
1-800-333-3785 option 3
http://www.novartisnutrition.com/us/articleDetail?id=1787

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Bacterial Contamination: Nursing Issues by Carol L. Kohn, DNSc, RN:"Formula contamination, which is practically inevitable in the clinical setting, can cause diarrhea, aspiration pneumonia, or sepsis.1-3 This summary includes the following topics: sources of contamination, microbiologic standards for enteral nutrition, and clinical practice solutions to reduce contamination."
http://www.rossmn.com/ross/clinical/Page9.htm

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Complications of enteral nutrition, RxKinetics:"Enteral tube feeding is the preferred method of nutritional support when the GI tract is functional and the patient is unable or unwilling to consume an adequate oral diet. The enteral route is efficient and cost-effective, however it is not always as easy as it looks. Gastrointestinal, mechanical, and metabolic complications can occur. It is important to thoroughly assess patients prior to initiation of tube feeding and to closely monitor them while they are receiving tube feedings in order to identify potential problems."
RxKinetics
1103 S. Oak St. Plattsburg, MO 64477 USA
Fax: +1-801-740-5025, ricktharp@rxkinetics.com
http://www.rxkinetics.com/tpntutorial/2_3.html

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Enteral Feeding (Tube Feeding):"There are disadvantages with enteral feedings. If the child has gastroesophageal reflux, aggressive enteral feeding may increase his risk of aspiration or vomiting. Other physical disadvantages are diarrhea, skin breakdown or anatomic disruption. Mechanical disadvantages include a dislodged or occluded feeding tube. Metabolic risks include hyperglycemia and hyperphosphatemia. Children who are either malnourished or at high risk for becoming malnourished can benefit from tube feeding. When one or more of the following factors are identified, tube feeding should be considered: http://depts.washington.edu/growing/Nourish/Tubes.htm

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