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See also Breast Cancer, Breast Feeding, Breast Self Examinations (BSEs), Cosmetic & Plastic Surgery, Mammograms, Mammography, Women's Health
Breast Reduction or Reduction Mammaplasty, Advanced Art of Cosmetic Surgery:"Breast Reduction, although actually a reconstructive surgical procedure, is used to correct marked breast enlargement, out of proportion to body size, and causing significant back, neck, and shoulder pain, as well as a tendency to rashes and yeast infections in the folds under the breasts. The cause varies but is generally associated with genetic pre-disposition, hormone fluctuation (e.g. puberty, pregnancy, or menopause), or marked weight variation. Breast Reduction is a surgical method of size reduction of the breasts, relieving the weight burden, and usually producing an improvement in breast shape. Mastopexy or Breast Lift is a similar but distinct technique, designed to cosmetically restore a youthful breast shape and tissue firmness, but not remove any breast tissue."
http://www.advanced-art.com/Breast-Reduction.htm
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If you're considering breast reduction...American Society of Plastic Surgeons:"Women with very large, pendulous breasts may experience a variety of medical problems caused by the excessive weight-from back and neck pain and skin irritation to skeletal deformities and breathing problems. Bra straps may leave indentations in their shoulders. And unusually large breasts can make a woman-or a teenage girl-feel extremely self-conscious.
Breast reduction, technically known as reduction mammaplasty, is designed for such women. The procedure removes fat, glandular tissue, and skin from the breasts, making them smaller, lighter, and firmer. It can also reduce the size of the areola, the darker skin surrounding the nipple. The goal is to give the woman smaller, better-shaped breasts in proportion with the rest of her body."
American Society of Plastic Surgeons,
Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation
444 E. Algonquin Rd.
Arlington Heights, IL 60005
Plastic Surgeon Referral Service
1-888-4-PLASTIC (1-888-475-2784)
Public Relations
(847) 228-9900
media@plasticsurgery.org
http://www.plasticsurgery.org/public_education/procedures/ReductionMammaplasty.cfm
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Breast reduction surgery - does it help? Bandolier:"Breast hypertrophy can be a real problem for some women. Reduction mammoplasty using various surgical techniques has become a more common treatment. Over the last 30 years about 32,000 such operations have been performed in Sweden, an average rate of about 25 per 100,000 women per year. That's about 12 a year in the average PCG, so a GP might see a case once every five years or so. A new systematic review [1] pulls together the best available information. It informs about before and after symptoms, and is fascinating because this is one of those topics where randomised trials are rare as hen's teeth. So the question arises about dealing with different study architectures."
Bandolier Office,
Pain Research
The Churchill
Oxford
OX3 7LJ
Telephone +44 1865 226132
Fax +44 1865 226978
http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band89/b89-5.html
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Breast reduction, BUPA's Health Information Team:"Breast reduction is an operation where the excess fat and skin are removed from the breasts. The breasts are then reshaped to form smaller breasts, and the nipples are repositioned. Breast reduction can also be used to even up the size of the breasts where one is much larger than the other.
The size of a woman's breasts is partly determined by her genes - the inherited factors that also affect height and frame. It is also influenced by her weight and by hormones."
BUPA
BUPA House
15-19 Bloomsbury Way
London
WC1A 2BA
http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/Mosby_factsheets/breast_reduction.html
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New Studies of Breast Reduction Surgery Increase Knowledge of the Benefits, Doctors Guide:"New research confirms that breast reduction surgery may provide benefits other than a smaller size, according to two studies being presented at the 66th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (ASPRS), September 20-24 in San Francisco, CA."
http://pslgroup.com/dg/39b06.htm
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Risks of Breast Reduction Surgery, Ivillageheatlh.com:"My 19-year-old daughter wants to have breast reduction surgery. She wears a 34DD, weighs about 130 pounds and is five feet two inches tall. She says her breasts often hurt, and she has a lot of trouble finding a good-fitting bra. She is also tired of the stares from people on the street. Is it advisable at her age? Will it in any way affect her ability to breastfeed her children? Is it worth the risk of general anesthesia?
iVillage Inc.
500 Seventh Avenue
New York, NY 10018
Tel: 212.600.6000
http://www.ivillagehealth.com/
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Breast Reduction Surgery Pictures, LocateADoc.com:"Patient is a 20-year-old student who was uncomfortable with her heavy breasts. She wore a 38DD bra and didn?t feel comfortable in her clothes. Dr. Reath performed a breast reduction. Now she is able to be more active and find clothes that are flattering to her new figure."
http://www.locateadoc.com/gallery.cfm/Action/List/ProcedureID/89/Page/1
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Breast Reduction (Reduction Mammoplasty), From MayoClinic.com:"Women with large, heavy breasts may have symptoms caused by the weight and size of the breasts. They may have back pain, neck pain and grooves in the shoulders from bra straps. There may be pain in the breasts and a rash under the breasts. Some women with arthritis of the spine and shoulders may have more symptoms than usual because of the added weight of the breasts. Other women are bothered by the psychological embarrassment of large breasts. Often it is difficult to find clothes that fit. In other situations, athletic, active women are inhibited by the size of their breasts."
Mayo Clinic
13400 East Shea Blvd.
Scottsdale, AZ 85259
General Number (480) 301-8000
General Fax (480) 301-7006
http://www.mayoclinic.org/cosmeticsurgery-sct/breastreduce.html
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Breast Reduction, University of Iowa Plastic Surgery:"The patient with very large breasts may suffer from a variety of symptoms . The weight of the breast tissue itself would cause problems; but the woman with large breasts finds that the position of this weight causes back strain and discomfort. The bra ultimately becomes an instrument of pain as the bra straps cut into the shoulders. The pull of gravity is now transferred to the shoulders and neck muscle resulting in more pain and muscle spasm. It is not uncommon in the most severe cases to see permanent grooves in the shoulders where the bra straps have exerted their pull. Some patients may even have scars in this area. Even with the best of bra support there may be some overlap and contact between the breast skin and the lower chest wall skin. Especially in the warmer climates this can create a chronic skin irritation called intertriginous dermatitis."
http://aboutplastic.surgery.uiowa.edu/surgery/plastic/breduc.html
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American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (ASPRS) and the Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation (PSEF):
http://www.plasticsurgery.org/
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Informed Consent:
Special Consent To Breast Reduction Surgery:
http://www.psurg.com/BRREDUC.htm
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See also:
American Anaplastology Association:"The American Anaplastology Association's mission is to promote excellence within the field of facial and somato prosthetics to enhance the lives of patients. The Association provides for continued education, research, publication, and advocacy opportunities among professionals involved in restoring malformed or absent parts of the human body through artificial means."
AAA Administration
PO Box 27440
Seattle, WA 98165 USA
Phone and Fax: 206-268-0311
aaa@anaplastology.org
http://www.anaplastology.org
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